A significant milestone has been reached in uncovering the monumental complex of ancient Mieza, located near the modern town of Naousa in Central Macedonia, Greece, where philosopher Aristotle famously tutored Alexander the Great and a group of young Macedonian nobles who would go on to shape the ancient world. The first phase of research at the Royal Gymnasium has now been completed.
This research forms part of a programmatic agreement signed in August 2024 between Greek Minister of Culture Lina Mendoni and the mayor of Naousa, Nikos Koutsogiannis. It aims to preserve and showcase this historically rich site.
Excavation and research activities
Excavations at the ancient Mieza site in Greece, led by Honorary Ephor Angeliki Kottaridi of the Imathia Ephorate of Antiquities, have shed new light on where Aristotle taught Alexander the Great. The investigation included systematic excavation, cleaning, documentation, conservation, and analysis of findings.
Researchers also compared new discoveries with earlier excavation data while initiating preliminary work for architectural surveys and the development of a protection and restoration plan, particularly for the western section of the xystus—the Doric portico used for footrace training.
Critical excavations confirmed that the complex was constructed in the mid-4th century BC following a unified architectural plan, linking it historically to King Philip II of Macedon (359–336 BC) and Aristotle’s tutelage of Alexander the Great. One of the most remarkable discoveries is the massive modification of the terrain.
The natural porous limestone bedrock was carved to form three enormous horizontal terraces spanning approximately 14 acres, arranged geometrically from the southwestern complex through the palestra to the two-story xystus, which stretches nearly 200 meters (around 655 ft).
Architectural parallels with Aigai at ancient Mieza, Greece, where Aristotle taught
The xystus walls at Mieza, Greece, adorned with amphikion decorative elements and surviving architectural pieces such as column capitals, feature high-quality white plaster comparable to that used in the royal tombs and palace of Aigai. These parallels highlight classical Macedonian architectural features while functional differences reflect the gymnasium’s unique role as an educational and athletic site.
A distinctive feature of the Mieza Gymnasium is the extensive use of stone corner blocks. Between the palestra and southwestern complex, the stone wall foundations remain partially intact, reaching heights of up to two meters (around 6.5 ft). Ancient students applied olive oil to their bodies before exercise, and fragments of Panathenaic amphorae indicate they favored premium oil from sacred Athenian trees. Among the most evocative discoveries at the ancient Mieza site in Northern Greece are four styluses used by Aristotle’s students for writing.
Aristotle’s role at Mieza in ancient Greece
Historical evidence suggests that King Philip II invited Aristotle to Mieza to educate his son, Alexander, along with other young Macedonian nobles. The lush and tranquil landscape of Mieza offered an ideal setting for intellectual pursuits and philosophical discussions. Aristotle’s curriculum likely encompassed philosophy, politics, and natural sciences, laying the foundation for Alexander’s future leadership and military accomplishments.
Philip II’s decision reflected not only a desire to prepare a capable heir but also to cultivate culture and education within Macedonia, aligning it with the intellectual achievements of the city-states of Classical Greece.
Visiting the ancient Mieza site, where Aristotle taught, today
Modern visitors can explore the remains of a Nymphaeum, a temple dedicated to the Nymphs featuring a two-story arcade with Ionic columns and several natural caves, considered the heart of the school. Ongoing excavations have also revealed an ancient theater and additional structures that shed light on the daily life and training of Aristotle’s students.
The first phase of research at Mieza represents a major contribution to understanding Classical Macedonian education, architecture, and culture, providing both scholars and the public with unprecedented insight into the formative environment of one of history’s greatest leaders.
