Europa Nostra, the leading civil society network for European cultural heritage, together with the European Investment Bank (EIB) Institute, published the list of the 7 most endangered cultural heritage sites and monuments in Europe for 2025.
Since its inception in 2013, the “7 Most Endangered” program has evolved into a pivotal civil society initiative aimed at safeguarding Europe’s at-risk heritage. It serves as a catalyst for mobilizing expertise, halting inappropriate development, and securing necessary public and private support, including funding. Each site on the list is eligible for a €10,000 grant from the EIB’s Cultural Heritage Fund to support an approved activity that contributes to its preservation.
The 7 Most Endangered Cultural Heritage Sites and Monuments in Europe for 2025
- Monemvasia Castle, Greece
- Arakelots Monastery and Settlement, Armenia
- Nyborg Castle, Denmark
- Great Synagogue in Orla, Poland
- Modernist Generalštab Complex in Belgrade, Serbia
- Valhalla Swimming Pool, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Queen Victoria Tower Gardens, London, United Kingdom
The announcement was made during an online event co-hosted by Guy Clausse, Vice-President of Europa Nostra, and Shiva Dustdar, Head and Director of the EIB Institute. The event was attended by Glenn Micallef, European Commissioner for Intergenerational Justice, Youth, Culture, and Sport, and drew participants from across Europe and beyond, including those who nominated the sites and representatives of the selected locations.
This year’s list includes:
a) Three sites of cultural and natural heritage—Nyborg Castle, Monemvasia Castle, and Queen Victoria Tower Gardens in London—threatened by the construction of invasive new buildings and inappropriate development projects;
b) Two modernist structures—the Generalštab Complex in Belgrade and the Valhalla Swimming Pool in Gothenburg—facing imminent demolition;
c) Two religious heritage monuments—the Arakelots Monastery and Settlement and the Great Synagogue in Orla—endangered by neglect or lack of funding, respectively.
How the 7 Monuments and Sites Were Selected
The seven monuments and sites were chosen based on their significance to European heritage and their cultural value, as well as the severe threats they face. The level of engagement from local communities and the involvement of public and private stakeholders in efforts to save these sites were considered critical added value. Another selection criterion was the potential of each site to serve as a driver of sustainable socioeconomic development.
The final list of seven was selected by the Europa Nostra Board from a shortlist of 14 heritage monuments and sites previously identified by the Advisory Committee of the 7 Most Endangered Program. Nominations for inclusion in the program were submitted or supported by Europa Nostra members and members of the European Heritage Alliance.
Expert teams representing Europa Nostra and the EIB Institute, alongside the organizations and individuals who nominated the seven selected sites, as well as other partners, will now gather information, meet with key stakeholders, assess the sites, and issue a technical report with actionable recommendations.
Statements from Key Representatives of Europa Nostra, the EIB Institute, and the European Commission
Guy Clausse, Vice-President of Europa Nostra, said:
“Together with our European and national partners, we will provide benefits to civil societies, technical expertise, identify potential funding sources, and mobilize our extensive network to support local efforts to save this year’s 7 most endangered cultural heritage monuments and sites in Europe. Our heritage and culture play a vital role in building more sustainable, inclusive, and democratic communities across our continent and beyond.”
Shiva Dustdar, Head and Director of the EIB Institute, stated:
“Europe’s cultural heritage is a cornerstone of our shared identity, economic vitality, and historical legacy. The list of endangered sites highlights not only their importance but also the urgent need for action to ensure their survival. By supporting Europa Nostra, the EIB Institute is proud to empower local communities that recognize the critical role of preserving cultural heritage in addressing broader societal challenges. Protecting these places is an investment in Europe’s cultural, social, and economic fabric, ensuring their value endures for future generations.”
Glenn Micallef, European Commissioner for Intergenerational Justice, Youth, Culture, and Sport, remarked:
“Culture enriches our lives, and it is our collective responsibility to care for it properly. Cultural heritage is the foundation for building an inclusive, prosperous, and sustainable future for the EU. It is a testament to our diversity and identity, creates millions of jobs, and serves as a source of inspiration for the cultural and creative sectors. Highlighting Europe’s most endangered sites and monuments helps us identify where we must strengthen our efforts to protect our cultural heritage so that future generations can enjoy it.”
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